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The diathesis-stress model highlights how a genetic predisposition (diathesis) and environmental stressors combine to trigger mental health issues. Ozzie’s genetic predisposition, coupled with the traumatic loss of his parents, exemplifies this interaction.
The diathesis-stress model posits that both biological vulnerabilities and external stressors are necessary for a disorder’s onset.
Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.
B. Generalized anxiety disorder
Miguel exhibits persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of life, which aligns with the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
GAD is characterized by chronic, exaggerated worry and tension, often without a specific cause. It impacts daily life and functioning.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and medication, such as SSRIs, are often effective in managing GAD symptoms.
Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.
C. Being outside the home alone
Agoraphobia is marked by intense fear of situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable, commonly including being alone outside the home.
It is an anxiety disorder involving fear of open or crowded spaces, often leading to avoidance behaviors.
It can severely restrict daily activities, and therapy combined with medication is often required for treatment.
Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders?
B. Excessive, persistent fear and anxiety
Anxiety disorders are characterized by persistent, excessive fear or worry about situations or objects, interfering with normal functioning.
Anxiety disorders include GAD, panic disorder, phobias, and OCD. They disrupt daily life due to irrational fear or worry.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), medication, and lifestyle changes are common treatment approaches.
A psychological disorder is a ________.
A. Condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Psychological disorders are identified by patterns of abnormal thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that cause significant distress or impairment.
These are mental health conditions disrupting emotional well-being and daily functioning, often requiring professional intervention.
The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) is commonly used to diagnose psychological disorders.
Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with?
C. Major depressive disorder
Veena's symptoms, such as persistent difficulty functioning in daily activities and emotional distress, align with major depressive disorder.
MDD is a mood disorder with persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, and physical and cognitive impairments.
Psychotherapy, antidepressants, and lifestyle modifications can help manage MDD effectively.
People with ______ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.
C. Obsessive-compulsive
Obsessive-compulsive disorders are marked by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) aimed at reducing anxiety.
Common compulsions include excessive hand washing or checking locks repeatedly.
From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality?
A. Antisocial personality disorder
Antisocial personality disorder involves a pattern of disregard for others' rights, impulsive behaviors, deceit, and lack of remorse.
ASPD is a mental condition where individuals show a lack of empathy, manipulative tendencies, and violate social norms.
ASPD is often associated with criminal behavior, difficulty maintaining relationships, and resistance to treatment.
Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a common characteristic of all personality disorders.
B. Differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture
Personality disorders are defined by enduring patterns of behavior and inner experiences that deviate significantly from cultural expectations.
They affect cognition, emotion regulation, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control, often leading to significant distress.
The DSM categorizes personality disorders into three clusters: A (odd/eccentric), B (dramatic/emotional), and C (anxious/fearful).